How Older Adults Can Navigate Cold, Flu and COVID Season
Winter months are notorious for an increase in illnesses like the common cold, flu and COVID-19. Older adults in particular are at a higher risk of severe complications from these illnesses due to existing chronic conditions and age-related changes in immunity. With proper preparation and quick action, however, older adults can stay safe and healthy during the season.
Here’s a guide to understanding why winter brings an uptick in illness, why older adults are more vulnerable, and what steps to take if symptoms arise.
Why Are Illnesses More Common in Winter?
Several factors contribute to the spike in respiratory illnesses during the colder months. Viruses like influenza and coronaviruses tend to thrive in cold, dry air. Reduced humidity allows viral particles to linger in the air longer, increasing the chance of infection. Additionally, people spend more time indoors during winter, often in poorly ventilated spaces, where germs can spread more easily.
Why Are Older Adults More Susceptible?
As people age, their immune systems naturally weaken, making it harder to fight off infections. This process, known as immunosenescence, means that even common illnesses like the flu can lead to severe complications, such as pneumonia. Additionally, many older adults have chronic health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can make it more difficult to recover from respiratory illnesses.
Older adults may also experience atypical symptoms when they become ill, making it harder to identify and treat illnesses early. For example, instead of a high fever or cough, they might experience confusion, fatigue or weakness. This can delay diagnosis and treatment, increasing the risk of complications.
Tips to Prevent Illness During the Season
- Stay Vaccinated: Vaccination remains one of the best defenses against severe illness. Older adults should prioritize getting their annual flu vaccine, which is designed to protect against the most common strains of the virus for that season. The high-dose flu vaccine is often recommended for adults 65 and older to build a stronger immune response. Additionally, stay up to date on COVID-19 vaccines, including any recommended boosters.
- Practice Good Hygiene: Simple hygiene practices can go a long way in preventing the spread of viruses. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, and avoid touching your face, particularly your eyes, nose and mouth. When soap isn’t available, use a hand sanitizer containing at least 60 percent alcohol.
- Wear a Mask in Crowded Areas: Masks remain an effective tool for protecting against respiratory illnesses. When in crowded indoor spaces or around others who may be sick, wearing a well-fitting mask can reduce your risk of exposure to germs.
- Boost Your Immune System: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can strengthen your immune system. Aim for a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and lean proteins, and consider taking vitamin D supplements during the winter months if recommended by your healthcare provider. Stay active with regular exercise and ensure you’re getting enough sleep to support overall health.
- Improve Indoor Air Quality: Since many respiratory viruses spread indoors, improving ventilation in your home can help reduce risk. Use an air purifier, open windows for fresh air circulation when possible and avoid large indoor gatherings, especially during peak flu and COVID season.
What to Do if You Start Feeling Sick
If you develop symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue or body aches, it’s important to act quickly. First, isolate yourself to avoid spreading the illness to others. Contact your healthcare provider to determine if you need to be tested for COVID-19, the flu or other respiratory illnesses. Early treatment can make a significant difference. Antiviral medications for the flu are most effective when taken within 48 hours of symptom onset.
Stay hydrated, get plenty of rest and monitor your symptoms closely. If you experience difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain, confusion or any signs of severe illness, seek medical attention immediately.