Safety Tips for Immunocompromised Older Adults

As we age, our immune systems may become less effective at fighting infections. Some older adults face additional risks because of medical conditions or treatments that suppress or weaken the immune system, including cancer treatments, organ transplants and certain medications for autoimmune diseases. For these individuals, an infection that might be relatively mild for someone else can become more serious.

Fortunately, there are practical steps immunocompromised older adults and their caregivers can take to reduce exposure to illness while maintaining an active and fulfilling life.

Stay Up to Date on Vaccinations

Vaccination is an important part of protecting against serious illness. Immunocompromised adults may have different vaccination recommendations or timing considerations, so they should talk with their health care provider about which vaccines they need and when they should receive them.

Family members and caregivers should also stay current on recommended vaccinations. Reducing the likelihood that people in an older adult’s close circle become sick can provide an additional layer of protection.

Practice Good Hand Hygiene

Regular handwashing is one of the simplest ways to reduce the spread of germs. Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, particularly before and after eating, preparing food, using the bathroom, handling medication and being in public places.

When soap and water aren’t available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60 percent alcohol.

Be Thoughtful About Crowded Spaces

Being immunocompromised doesn’t necessarily mean you need to avoid leaving home. However, it may be wise to consider when and where you spend time around large groups of people.

During periods when respiratory illnesses are circulating widely, you may want to consider choosing less crowded times for shopping, attending smaller gatherings or participating in activities outdoors when practical. Wearing a well-fitting mask in crowded indoor settings can provide another layer of protection.

These precautions should be balanced with the importance of social connection. Isolation can negatively affect older adults’ emotional and physical well-being, so look for safer ways to maintain relationships and participate in meaningful activities.

Take Food Safety Seriously

Foodborne illnesses can be particularly dangerous for people with weakened immune systems. Older adults and their caregivers should follow basic food-safety practices, including washing hands and produce, keeping raw and cooked foods separate, cooking foods to safe temperatures and refrigerating perishable foods promptly.

Some immunocompromised individuals may need to avoid particular foods, such as raw or undercooked meat, seafood or eggs. Ask a health care provider whether additional dietary precautions are appropriate.

Keep Up With Health Care

Routine medical care remains important even when trying to minimize exposure to illness. Keep up with recommended appointments, screenings and laboratory tests, and ask providers whether telehealth is an appropriate option for any visits.

Make sure your health care team knows about all medications and supplements you take. Some medications that suppress the immune system require regular monitoring, and stopping or changing them without medical guidance can be dangerous.

Focus on Protection, Not Fear

Living with a weakened immune system can require additional precautions, but safety doesn’t have to mean giving up the activities and relationships that make life meaningful. By practicing good hygiene, staying current on vaccinations and medical care, making thoughtful decisions about exposure and working closely with their health care team, immunocompromised older adults can take practical steps to protect their health while continuing to live engaged lives.